Topaz-gemstone

Topaz makes an ideal gem. A good hardness and desirable colors, combined with a relative abundance and availability makes it one the most popular gemstones.The most valuable colors of topaz are the golden orange-yellow  type, called Imperial Topaz, and the dark pinkish-red and orange-red colors. value increase with a deepness of color in orange and reddish hues.The most commonly used colors of topaz in jewelry are the blue types. it was not until this past century that
blue topaz became widespread on the gem market, since virtually all blue gem topaz is irradiated and heat treated.this stone have very large spiritual powers.the person who born in November use as birthstone..its spiritual power make rich to user..




Chemical Formula: Al/2Sio/4(F,OH)/2

Color                    : ,Blue,Green, white, red, yellow, orange, pink, brown, purple,Multicolored

Hardness              : 8

Crystal system      : Orthorhombic

Refractive index   : 1.610-1.638

SG                        : 3.4 - 3.6

Transparency        : 

Double Refraction: .014

Luster                   :  Vitreous

Cleavage              :  1,3-BASAL

Mineral Class       :  Topaz

Sources:
             The largest topaz producer is Brazil, other sources are in Pakistan, Afghanistan, India, China, Japan, Russia, Ukriane, u.s. etc