Amber-gemstone

Amber is an organic gemstone,forming from  the hardened resin of ancient pine trees. the hardening process of Amber is known as polymerization,which fossilizes  the resin over many
centuries  and make it hard and sturdy.Amber is formed from viscous,sticky resin,and therefore commonly contains inclusions that got stuck in the amber and remained there when it hardened.these inclusions are usually of insects or plants,with the most well known being mosquitoes.Amber with well preserved organisms frozen internally are highly prized.




Chemical Formula: Amber is composed of complex organic material

Color                    : blue ,green ,yellow,red,orange,brown

Hardness              : 2-2.5

Crystal system      : Amorphous

Refractive index   : 1.539-1.545

SG                        :  1.0-1.1

Transparency        : Opaque

Double Refraction: 

Luster                   :  Resinous

Cleavage              : None 

Mineral Class       : 

Sources:
             Italy,Germany,Canada,Russia,..

Platinum

Platinum is the most valued precious metal; its value exceeds even that of gold. it has beautiful
silver white color,and ,unlike silver,does not tarnish.it is unaffected by common household chemicals and will not get damaged or discolored by chlorine,bleach, or detergents. it is tougher than all precious jewelry metals, though due to its flexible tenacity it still must be alloyed with other metals to prevent it from bending.natural platinum usually contains small amounts of the rare element iridium.in jewelry, iridium is alloyed with the platinum to increase its toughness.platinum jewelry is usually 90 to 95 percent pure.


Chemical Formula: Pt

Color                    : Metallic,white 

Hardness              : 4-4.5

Crystal system      : Isometric

Refractive index   : 

SG                         : 14-19 

Transparency        : Opaque

Double Refraction:  none

Luster                   :  Metallic

Cleavage              :  none

Mineral Class       : Platinum 


Sources:
            South Africa,Canada,U.S.A, etc

Larimar-gemstone

Larimar is a blue variety of the mineral pectolite.pectolite is not rae mineral and is found
throughout the world, but the exquisite sea blue color exhibited in the larimar variety is very unique, and is virtually the onlycomes from one place in the world.it is found only in a limited deposit in Dominican republic, and is virtually the only gemstone to be found in the entire caribbean.its lovely sea-blue color is very reminiscent of the Caribbean seas.the person who was bron at the end of July to 22 August he can use as birthstone. its great natural powers.




Chemical Formula: NaCa/2Si/3O/8

Color                    : blue ,green ,multicolored 

Hardness              : 4.5-5

Crystal system      : Triclinic

Refractive index   : 1.59-1.65

SG                        : 2.7-2.9

Transparency        : Opaque

Double Refraction: .0.038

Luster                   :  Silky

Cleavage              :  2,2

Mineral Class       : Pectolite 

Sources:
                The only sources of larimar is in the Dominican republic at Fhilipnas mine is los checheses. 

Tiger eye-gemstone

Tiger eye, a popular yet inexpensive gemstone, is a pseudomrph of compact quartz after the
fibrous mineral crocidolite. it is formed when quartz takes over  and dissolves the crocodolite, leaving the quartz in a finely fibrous and chatoyant form.when polished,its silky luster creates a beautiful chatoyant effect of moving layers of Brown and yellow lines and waves.the person who born in November he can use tiger eye. its have  very strong magical powers.or its protect from evils things. or help you .







Chemical Formula: SiO/2

Color                    : ,yellow,brown,multicolored 

Hardness              : 7 

Crystal system      : Hexagonal

Refractive index   : 1.54-1.55

SG                        : 2.63 - 2.65

Transparency        : Opaque

Double Refraction: .None

Luster                   :  Silky

Cleavage              :  Indiscernible

Mineral Class       : Quartz

Sources:
             India,South Africa,Thailand.

Gold

No precious metal is as legendary and beautiful as gold. its rarity, beauty,and enigma have provided it with status as a valuable commodity throughout the history of humanity.gold has
always been used as a monetary standard. and ancient gold jewelry and ornaments dating back centuries have been found throughout the world. gold has always been and remains the most essential jewelry component,with most precious jewelry pieces created from gold or inlaid with a gold setting women also love gold .men never allowed to wear gold in Islam..









Chemical Formula: Au

Color                    : ,Metallic , yellow.

Hardness              : 2.5-3

Crystal system      : Isometric

Refractive index   : none

SG                        : 15-19

Transparency        :  Opaque

Double Refraction: .none

Luster                   :  Metallic

Cleavage              :  none

Mineral Class       : Gold

Sources:
              China,Pakistan,Russia,U.S.A, Canada ,Brazil,etc

Zircon-gemstone

Zircon is an impotant gemstone of many colors, and is an historical gemstone used for thousands of years. it is sometimes looked upon as a cheap Diamond simulant, but in actuality it can be a valuable gem. its colors diversity is caused by traces of certain impurities, some of which are radioactive,zircon gemstones containing radioactive element traces undergo a process called metamiction, in which their inner crystal structure become destroyed. these radioactive forms of zircon must be heated to stabilize them for use as gems. in fact, many of the gem forms of zircon are heated treated to enhance color and increase transparency. The radioactivity in zircon gemstone is very minimal and is generally believed to be safe, without posing any health hazards.The person who have virgo star he use zircon as gemstone.its also give you spiritual powers and save you from sins.

Chemical Formula: ZrSiO4

Color                    : White,Colorless,Blue,Red,Green,yellow,orange,brown,pink,purple,gray

Hardness              : 7.5

Crystal system      : Tetragonal

Refractive index   : 1.930-1.987

SG                        : 4.6 - 4.8

Transparency        : Transparent

Double Refraction: .059

Luster                   :  Adamantine

Cleavage              :  3,2

Mineral Class       :  zircon

Sources:

zircon sources include Cambodia  , Burma ,sri lanka,Australia,Tanzania,Mozambique,Madagascar,Nigeria,Pakistan,and Afghanistan.

Turquoise-gemstone

Turquoise is an ancient gemstone, and has been highly regarded in many of the worlds civilizations.Among the acient empires it is best known among the Persian and Native American civilizations, Where it Was the most popular ornamental gemstone. Turquoise today remains a popular  gemstone, and is one of the most important opaque gemstones.it is highly regarded due to its unique turquoise-blue color, and is the only gemstone to have exclusive color named after

it.The person who born in November 23 to December 21 as birth stone.its also protect you from dieseases and provide spiritual security circle around you.



Chemical Formula: CuAl/6(Po/4)/4(OH)/8.4H/2O

Color                    : ,Blue,Green,Multicolored

Hardness              : 5 - 6

Crystal system      : Triclinic

Refractive index   : 1.61-1.65

SG                        : 2.6 - 2.8

Transparency        : Opaque

Double Refraction: .04

Luster                   :  Waxy

Cleavage              :  None

Mineral Class       :  Turquoi

Sources: 
             Traditional sources included Iran, Israel, Egypt, and american southwest, today turquoise is mined chiefly Iran, Afghanistan, china, Australia, Chilem mexico, etc        

Tourmaline-gemstone

Tourmaline is the most colorful of all gemstone. it occurs in all colors,but pink ,green, blue and multicolored are its most well=known gem color. Scientifically, tourmaline is not a single mineral, but a group of minerals related in their physical and chemical properties. The mineral elbaite is a members of the group -schorl, dravite and liddicoatite, are seldom used as gemstones.The person who have libra star use as birthstone.Tourmaline have strong spiritual powers.



Chemical Formula: Have many formulas

Color                    : ,Blue,Green,Red, Green, yellow, orange, brown, pink, purple, gray, black.

Hardness              : 7 - 7.5

Crystal system      : Hexagonal

Refractive index   : 1.616-1.650

SG                        : 2.9 - 3.3

Transparency        : Transparent to Opaque

Double Refraction: .018

Luster                   :  Vitreous

Cleavage              :  3,2

Mineral Class       : Tourmaline

Sources: 
            important deposits of tourmaline are in Afghanistan, Pakistan,Russia, Burma, Srilanka,etc
               

Topaz-gemstone

Topaz makes an ideal gem. A good hardness and desirable colors, combined with a relative abundance and availability makes it one the most popular gemstones.The most valuable colors of topaz are the golden orange-yellow  type, called Imperial Topaz, and the dark pinkish-red and orange-red colors. value increase with a deepness of color in orange and reddish hues.The most commonly used colors of topaz in jewelry are the blue types. it was not until this past century that
blue topaz became widespread on the gem market, since virtually all blue gem topaz is irradiated and heat treated.this stone have very large spiritual powers.the person who born in November use as birthstone..its spiritual power make rich to user..




Chemical Formula: Al/2Sio/4(F,OH)/2

Color                    : ,Blue,Green, white, red, yellow, orange, pink, brown, purple,Multicolored

Hardness              : 8

Crystal system      : Orthorhombic

Refractive index   : 1.610-1.638

SG                        : 3.4 - 3.6

Transparency        : 

Double Refraction: .014

Luster                   :  Vitreous

Cleavage              :  1,3-BASAL

Mineral Class       :  Topaz

Sources:
             The largest topaz producer is Brazil, other sources are in Pakistan, Afghanistan, India, China, Japan, Russia, Ukriane, u.s. etc
            

Tanzanite-gemstone

Tanzanite is the blue to violet gem variety of the mineral Zoisite. Since its relatively recent discovery in 1967, it has become a mainstream and popular gemstone, and is used extensively in jewelry. to date , Tanzanite is found in the Arusha region of the African country of Tanzania, and it was named its country of origin.its most power full spiritual powers.the person who born in
December he use as birth stone.its very attractive stone.its help to improve your personality.



Chemical Formula: Ca/2Al/3(SIO/4)/3(OH)

Color                    : ,Blue,purple

Hardness              : 6 - 6.5

Crystal system      : Orthorhombic

Refractive index   : 1.69-1.79

SG                        : 3.2 - 3.4

Transparency        : 

Double Refraction: .009

Luster                   :  vitreous

Cleavage              :  1,1

Mineral Class       :  zoisite

Sources:
             The world only sources of Tanzanite is the Meralani Hills, Arusha, Tanzania .

Spinel-gemstone

Spinel is most famous for its deep red variety that closely resembles Ruby. These two gemstones can be very difficult to distinguish. Until the late 19th century, there was no distinction made between Ruby and red spinel, as they identical and are found in the same localities. Many famous old "Rubies" were discovered to be in fact spinel. For example, the enormous "Ruby" that forms
the centerpiece of the royal crown of england (the black prince's Ruby) was actually determined to be spinel. spinel have great magical powers .its make feel good and against the sins.the person who born in august can use spinel.



Chemical Formula: MgAl/2O/4

Color                    : ,Blue,Green,Red, green, yellow,orange,brown,pink,black

Hardness              : 7.5 - 8

Crystal system      : Isometic

Refractive index   : 1.712-1.736

SG                        : 3.5-3.7

Transparency        : 

Double Refraction: .None

Luster                   :  Vitreous

Cleavage              :  None, but may exhibit slight parting

Mineral Class       :  Spinel

Sources:
               The most outstanding spinel in size ,color and quality is from Burma, other sources of gem spinel are Sri Lanka, Cambodia, Vietnam , Thailand, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Tanzania, and Madagascar.
             

Sapphire-gemstone

Sapphire is the most precious and valuable blue gemstone. it is very desirable gemstone due to its excellent color , hardness, durability, and luster. in the gem trade, sapphire without any color prefix refers to the blue variety of the mineral corundum.however , the term sapphire encompasses all other gem variety and colors of corundum as well, excluding Ruby, the red
variety of corundum, which has its own name since antiquity.this stone have most powerful  powers .which person put in hand he become great in all eyes. or become rich in days. the person who born in September can use this as gemstone.



Chemical Formula: Al/2O/3

Color                    : ,Blue,Green,Multicolored,,yellow,orange,brown,pink.purple,gray,black,white

Hardness              : 9

Crystal system      : Hexagonal

Refractive index   : 1.76-1.77

SG                        : 3.9 - 4.1

Transparency        : Opaque

Double Refraction: .0008

Luster                   :  vitreous to adamantine

Cleavage              :  None

Mineral Class       :  Corundum

Sources:
                 Important sapphire sources include Sri Lanka , Thailand, Cambodia, India/Pakistan was famous for its Kashmir-blue sapphire.

Ruby-gemstone

Ruby is distinguished for its bright red color, being the most famed and fabled red gemstone. Beside for its bright color, it is most desirable gem due to its hardness, durability ,luster, and rarity. Transparent rubies of large sizes are even rarer than Diamonds. Ruby is the red variety of the mineral corundum. Sapphire , the other gem variety of corundum, encompasses all colors of corundum aside from red.in essence, ruby is a red sapphire, since ruby and sapphire are identical
in all properties except for color. however, because of the special allure and historical significance, ruby has always been classified as an individual gemstone, and is never identified as a form of sapphire.ruby is a very attractive gem this stone have magical attractive.the person who born in July he use as birthstone . its provide spiritual help or secure from sins .its beautiful gemstone.mostly kings or queens use this .ruby have different shapes.



Chemical Formula: Al/2O/3

Color                    : Red

Hardness              : 1.76-1.77

Crystal system      : Hexagonal

Refractive index   : 1.76-1.77

SG                        : 3.9 - 4.1

Transparency        : Opaquue

Double Refraction: .0008

Luster                   :  Vitreous to adamantine

Cleavage              :  None

Mineral Class       :  Corundum

Sources:
            Bangkok ,Thailand , Burma ,India, Pakistan, etc.

Rutiated quartz-gemstone

Rutilated Quartz is a Transparent Quartz with golden yellow Rutile inclusions that are in hairlike growths. The rutile inclusions range from thin, spare, and parallel, to thick, and crisscrossed, and
everything in-between. Each rutilated Quartz gemstone is unique in its pattern of rutile inclusions.




Chemical Formula: SiO/2

Color                    : ,Yellow, Brown

Hardness              : 7

Crystal system      : Hexagonal

Refractive index   : 1.54-1.55

S G                         :  2.63 - 2.7

Transparency        : Translucent

Double Refraction: .009

Luster                   :  Vitreous

Cleavage              :  Indiscernible

Mineral Class       :  Quartz, Rutile

Sources:

              The chief sources of rutilated quartz is Brazil, and another important source is india. it is encountered elsewhere but is uncommon from other locations.          

Peridot-gemstone

Peridot is a well known and ancient gemstone, with jewelry pieces dating all the way back to the pharaohs in Egypt. the gem variety of the mineral Olivine, it makes a lovely light green to olive-green gemstone. the intensity of color depends on the amount of the iron present in a peridots
chemicals structure; the more iron it contains the deeper green it will be. the most desirable color of peridot is deep olive-green with a slight yellowish tint. deeper olive-green tones tend to be more valuable than lighter colored green and yellowish-greens.The person born in august he ca use as his birthstone.its super magical powers .its work for you .


Chemical Formula: (Mg,Fe)/2SiO/2

Color                    : ,Green, Yellow

Hardness              :  6.5- 7

Crystal system      : Orthorhombic

Refractive index   : 2.63-2.65

S G                        :  1.54- 1.55

Transparency        : 

Double Refraction: .009

Luster                   :  Vitreous

Cleavage              :  2,1: 3,1

Mineral Class       :  Olivine

Sources :

               Pakistan, India, Burma, Afghanistan etc.

Pearls

Pearls have been highly valued as gemstones since antiquity, and their allure and beauty has always been magnified by the difficulty of obtaining them in early times. Unlike most other
gemstone which are minerals,Pearls are organic and are formed by living organisms. they are generally formed within the soft tissue layer of mollusks such as oysters and mussels. pearls are composed of calcium carbonate (in the form of Aragonate) and organic conchilin that build up as concentric layers as they are secreted by their host.

Chemical Formula: None

Color                    : White,Colorless,Blue,Red,Green,yellow,orange,brown,pink,purple,gray

Hardness              : 2.5-4.5

Crystal system      : Amorphous

Refractive index   : 1.52-1.69

SG                        : 2.6 - 2.8

Transparency        : Opaque

Double Refraction: .156

Luster                   :  Pearly

Cleavage              :  None

Mineral Class       :  Calcium carbonate and Conchiolin (organic) combined with water


Sources: 
            japan,Burma, china etc.

Paraiba-gemstone

Eon blue, highly desirable variety of tourmaline that originated in Paraiba, Brazil. its interesting color is caused by inclusions of copper. Although technically the term describe only those Tourmalines from paraiba in Brazil, the gem trade now use it to describe any light to neon blue
tourmaline from any worldwide location.the person who was born in October he can use as birthstone.its have magical powers to achive your life goals .








Chemical Formula: Have many formulas

Color                    : ,Blue,Green,Red, Green, yellow, orange, brown, pink, purple, gray, black.

Hardness              : 7 - 7.5

Crystal system      : Hexagonal

Refractive index   : 1.616-1.650

SG                        : 2.9 - 3.3

Transparency        : Transparent to Opaque

Double Refraction: .018

Luster                   :  Vitreous

Cleavage              :  3,2

Mineral Class       : Tourmaline

Sources:
            Brazil.

Opal-gemstone

Opal is the most colorful of gems. its splendid play of color is unsurpassed, and fine examples can even be more valuable than Diamond. the play of color consists of iridescent color flashes that change with the angle at which the stone is viewed. this phenomenon is often called
opalescence.the play of color may consist of large , individual flashes of color or may be of tiny, dense flashes.the intensity and distribution of color flashes is a determining is a factor in the value of an opal.the person who born is October use opal as gemstone. its have great natural super powers to change your life.and protect your from sins.





Chemical Formula: Sio/2 . nH/2O

Color                    : ,Blue,Green,Red, Green, yellow, orange, brown, pink, purple, gray, black.

Hardness              : 5.5 - 6.5

Crystal system      : Amorphous

Refractive index   : 1.37-1.47

SG                        :  1.98-2.25

Transparency        : Transparent to translucent

Double Refraction: .none

Luster                   :  Vitreous,pearly,waxy

Cleavage              :  none

Mineral Class       : opal

Sources:
             Australia is the largest producer of opal.other important deposits are in Ethiopia,Sudan,hungry,Honduras,etc
         

Morganite-gemstone

Morganite is the pink to purplish-pink variety of beryl. beryl is best known for its gem varieties emerald and aquamarine, but other gem forms such as morganite are also used. morganite was
first identified in 1910. and was named the following year by George F.Kunz in honor of financier and banker J.P Morgan.Morgan was an avid collector of gemstones.the person who born in October to November can used as his birthstone.its have great powers .







Chemical Formula: Be/3Al/2Sio/6

Color                    : ,Pink, Purple

Hardness              : 7.5 - 8

Crystal system      : Hexagonal

Refractive index   : 1.57-1.58

SG                        :  2.6-2.8

Transparency        : Transparent to translucent

Double Refraction: .006

Luster                   :  Vitreous

Cleavage              :  3,1 basel

Mineral Class       : Beryl

Sources:
             The main sources of morganite are are Brazil, Madagascar, Afghanistan,Pakistan,etc  


                 

Moonstone-gemstone

Moonstone is the most best known gemstone of the Feldsper  group.Named for its glowing color sheen that resembles the moonlight, Moonstone can belong to several difference member of the feldspar group, especially orthoclase and oligoclase. Moonstone displays a unique play of color
known as adularescence. this effect is in the form of a moving floating light or sheen.this phenomenon is caused by structural anomalies within the crystal formation.the person who born in june can use as birthstone.its have connected with moon powers.its provide superpowers .and  peoples attractive to this person who use this. mostly womens ..







Chemical Formula: Na,Ca.Al/1-/2Si/3-/2O/8

Color                    : ,Blue,Green,Red, Green, yellow, orange, brown, pink, purple, gray, black.

Hardness              : 6-6.5

Crystal system      : 

Refractive index   : 1.518-1.526

SG                        : 2.56 - 2.26

Transparency        : Transparent to translucent

Double Refraction: -.00005

Luster                   :  pearly

Cleavage              :  2.1

Mineral Class       : Orthoclase.

sources:

              

       Important deposits of moonstone exist in india,Sri lanka ,etc.    

Lapis Lazuli-gemstone

Lapis Lazuli is a deep blue opaque gemstone,used in antiquity and continuously used throughout the generations. it still continues to be popular today,and remains one of the most important
opaque gemstone.lapis lazuli is chiefly composed of the mineral lazurite, with additional other minerals including white calcite and sparkling specks of pyrite.its a December birthstone .







Chemical Formula: ,,,,,,,,,,,,

Color                    : ,Blue,multicolored

Hardness              : 5-5.5

Crystal system      : Isometric

Refractive index   :  1.5

SG                        : 2.4 - 2.5

Transparency        :  Opaque

Double Refraction: .none

Luster                   :  Vitreous

Cleavage              :  3,6

Mineral Class       : Rock


Sources:
            Afghanistan, Russia .
                

Garnet-gemstone

Garnet is not a single mineral,but describes a group of several closely related minerals. Garnet come in a variety of colors and have many different varieties.however, the most widely known
color of garnet gemstone is dark red. when the term "garnet" is used,it is usually connotative of the dark red form,other color garnet are usually given more descriptive gemstone terms.the person who born in January use as birth stone.







Chemical Formula: Have many formulas

Color                    : ,Blue,Green,Red, Green, yellow, orange, brown, pink, purple, gray, black.

Hardness              : 6.5-8.5

Crystal system      : Isometric

Refractive index   : 1.780-1.889

SG                        :  3.5 - 4.3

Transparency        : Transparent 

Double Refraction: .none

Luster                   :  Vitreous

Cleavage              :  none

Mineral Class       : garnet


Sources:

               many country produce garnet.
       

Diamonds

Diamond, the most  famed and fabled of all gemstones, is very unique in many ways. renowned for the being the hardest substance on earth, its sparkling fire, durability, and rarity make
diamond the most prized of all gems. no gemstone contains as much allure and interest as does diamond.Most diamonds used as gemstones are colorless or very faintly colored. however, colored diamonds, known as "fancies".can be extremely rare and valuable.and the most valuable gemstones ever known have been fancy diamonds.in fact, fancy diamonds are most valuable substances known to man, with vivid colored diamonds historically being sold for more than a million dollars per carat!the person who was born in April can use diamond as his birth stone.






Chemical Formula: C

Color                    : White,Colorless,Blue,Red,Green,yellow,orange,brown,pink,purple,gray

Hardness              : 10

Crystal system      : Isometric

Refractive index   :  2.417-2.419

SG                        :  3.1-3.5

Transparency        : Transparent  opaque

Double Refraction:  None

Luster                   :  Adamantine

Cleavage              :  1

Mineral Class       :  Diamond

Sources: 
            Russia, Botswana,Congo,South Africa,Namibia,Guinea,Ghana,Australia.

Emerald-gemstone

Emerald,the green variety of beryl,is the most famous and valuable green gemstone.its beautiful green color,combined with durability and rarity,make it one of the most expensive
gemstone.Deep green is the most desired color in emeralds. in general the paler the color of an emerald, the lesser its value.very pale colored stones are not called emeralds but rather "green beryl" . They are sometimes heat treated which causes their color to turn blue and transform into Aquamarine.the person who born in May use this as birth stone.its symbol of love .





Chemical Formula: Be/3Al/2SiO/6

Color                    :  Green

Hardness              : 7.5-8

Crystal system      : Hexagonal

Refractive index   : 1.57-1.58

SG                        :  2.6-2.8

Transparency        : Transparent to Translucent

Double Refraction: .006

Luster                   :  Vitreous

Cleavage              :  3,1

Mineral Class       :  Beryl

Sources: 
               
              Important Emerald deposits are in Brazil,China,Afghanistan,Russia,Mozambique,South African, and the U.s

Citrine-gemstone

Citrine is the yellow to orange variety of quartz. Natural citrine is not common; most citrine on
the gem market is produced by the heat treating amethyst and smoky quartz.it takes a relatively low temperature to change the color light to golden yellow,and heating to higher temperatures will give the stone a darker yellow to brownish red color. the name citrine is derived from the co citron fruit,a yellow fruit similar to the lemon.
the person who was born in November.this stone have great spiritual powers.


Chemical Formula: SiO/2

Color                    :  Yellow,Orange,Brown

Hardness              : 7 

Crystal system      : Hexagonal

Refractive index   : 1.54-1.55

SG                        : 2.63 - 2.65

Transparency        : Transparent 

Double Refraction: .009

Luster                   :  Vitreous

Cleavage              :  Indiscernible

Mineral Class       : Quartz

Sources:
              Brazil is the largest producer of critine. other sources are Argentina,Madagascar,Zaire,Namibia,Spain,and Russia.

Aquamarine

Alexandrite